The Vatican returned 62 Indigenous artifacts to Canada on Saturday.
The items included an Inuit kayak, wampum belts, war clubs and masks, many of which had been held in Vatican museums for 100 years or more.
"Every single one of those artifacts are sacred items there, crucial for the healing journey for many residential school survivors," Bobby Cameron, chief of the Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations in Saskatchewan, told Canadian public broadcaster CBC earlier this year.
The Vatican handed the artifacts to the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, who met with Pope Leo XIV in the Vatican.
"The CCCB will proceed, as soon as possible, to transfer these artifacts to the National Indigenous Organizations (NIOs). The NIOs will then ensure that the artifacts are reunited with their communities of origin," the Canadian bishops said in a statement.
How did the items end up in Rome?
Catholic missionaries in Canada sent the artifacts to the Vatican during a period of cultural suppression, forced conversions and abuse within the residential school system for Indigenous children.
The Inuit kayak was one of 100,000 items sent from around the world to Rome for the 1925 Vatican Missionary Exhibition held by Pope Pius XI.
Other items were sent even earlier, like a wampum that was "donated" to Pope Gregory XVI in 1831.
The Vatican then held onto the items. More than half of the exhibited artifacts were held at the Missionary Ethnological Museum, which later became part of the Vatican Museums in the 1970s.
In 2022, the late Pope Francis made a "penitential pilgrimage" to Canada, where he offered a historic apology for the decadeslong abuse of Indigenous children at Catholic schools in the country, which he described as a "genocide."
During that trip, Indigenous communities in Canada asked the Vatican to return culturally significant items that had been taken away decades ago.
