Karva Chauth, one of the most celebrated festivals in India, traditionally symbolizes loyalty, devotion, and the well-being of husbands. Originally, it was observed by married women, who fasted to pray for the long life and prosperity of their husbands. Over time, however, it has become common for unmarried girls to also observe this fast, praying for their future husbands or partners. But do the scriptures allow this? Here’s what you need to know.
What the Scriptures Say About Unmarried Girls
According to most scriptures, the Karva Chauth fast is primarily for married women. Its foundation lies in the duty of pativratya, which signifies loyalty, devotion, and responsibility towards one’s husband. Since this duty is relevant only after marriage, unmarried girls are not required to observe the strict Nirjala fast (without food and water) of Karva Chauth.
Meaning of Pativratya Dharma
The word pativratya comes from pati (husband) and vrata (vow or duty), reflecting a married woman’s commitment and devotion to her husband. As this dharma applies fully only after marriage, the scriptures clearly state that unmarried girls are not obligated to fast in the traditional way.
Modern Practice for Unmarried Girls
Despite the scriptural guidelines, many unmarried girls observe Karva Chauth for the following reasons:
1. Wishing for a Suitable Life Partner: They worship Goddess Parvati and Lord Shiva, praying for an ideal husband, inspired by Parvati’s penance to win Shiva.
2. For an Engaged or Future Husband: Girls who are engaged or soon-to-be-married observe the fast for the long life and well-being of their future husbands.
Unmarried girls who wish to observe Karva Chauth do not need to follow the strict rules of married women. Special simplified rules include:
Form of the Fast: Instead of a Nirjala fast, they can eat fruits or drink water during the day. They are not required to abstain from food or water completely.
Method of Worship: They do not need to offer water to the moon, a ritual associated with married life. The fast can be broken in the evening by looking at the stars or taking water from parents’ hands.
Make-up and Rituals: Wearing the 16 adornments or performing rituals like exchanging the Karwa or circling the thali is not mandatory. Gifts associated with married life, such as vermilion or bangles, should not be accepted.
